Ethernet
Ethernet yog hais txog qhov kev txiav txim siab baseband LAN tsim los ntawm Xerox thiab ua ke tsim los ntawm Xerox, Intel thiab DEC. Kev txiav txim siab thoob ntiaj teb Ethernet tau tshaj tawm rau lub Cuaj Hlis 30, 1980, uas yog qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws niaj hnub no' s LANs uas twb muaj lawm. Kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv. Ethernet network siv CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Ntau Kev Nkag Mus thiab Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Tshawb Pom) cov thev naus laus zis thiab khiav ntawm ntau hom cable ntawm 10M / S. Ethernet zoo ib yam li IEEE802.3 tsev neeg cov qauv. Xws li cov qauv Ethernet (10Mbit / s), Ceev Ethernet (100Mbit / s) thiab 10G (10Gbit / s) Ethernet. Lawv txhua tus ua raws IEEE 802.3.
Pib Ethernet nrog tsuas yog 10 Mbps dhau los, kev nkag mus tswj cov qauv nrog cov cab kuj nkag ntau (CSMA / CD, Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection) nrog kev sib tsoo nrhiav tau siv. Qhov no thaum ntxov 10 Mbps Ethernet hu ua txheem Ethernet, thiab Ethernet tuaj yeem txuas nrog siv ntau yam xov xwm sib kis xws li tuab coaxial cable, nyias coaxial cable, unshielded twisted pair, shielded twisted pair, thiab fiber. Thiab nyob rau hauv IEEE 802.3 cov qauv, cov qauv txheej txheem lub cev sib txawv tau tsim rau kev tshaj xov xwm sib kis. Hauv cov qauv no, thawj tus lej qhia txog qhov sib kis ceev hauv cov koog ntawm" Mbps", thiab tus lej kawg qhia tias ntev npaum li cas ntawm tib ntu cable (siv ntsuas yog 100m), Hauv paus txhais tau hais tias" ; thiab Broad txhais tau tias" broadband."
10Base-5 siv 0.4-inch txoj kab uas hla, 50Ω tuab coaxial cable, tseem hu ua tuab Ethernet, nrog ntu qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm 500m. Txoj kev sib kis tau hluav taws xob hauv nruab siab, cov txheej txheem saum toj yog hom npav. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm 10Base-5 network muaj: tuab coaxial cable, Ethernet daim npav nrog AUI qhov (socket), rov ua dua, hloov pauv, transceiver cable, thiab terminator.
10Base-2 siv 0.2 hli inch, 50 diameter nyias coaxial cable, tseem hu ua thin cable Ethernet, ntau tshaj plaws ntu ntu ntev yog 185m, baseband kis tau tus qauv, topology yog hom npav; 10Base-2 lub network tseem ceeb cov khoom siv cuab yeej muaj: nyias coaxial cable, Daim npav Ethernet nrog BNC qhov (socket), rov ua dua, T-txuas, kab txuas, thiab lwm yam.
10Base-T siv hluav taws xob sib ntswg cable nrog qhov ua ntu ntawm ntev tshaj plaws ntawm 100m. Lub Topology yog lub hnub qub-puab; cov khoom siv kho vajtse tseem ceeb ntawm 10Base-T network yog: Qeb 3 lossis Qeb 5 tsis muaj hlua khi khub cable, Daim npav Ethernet nrog RJ-45 qhov (socket), hub, hloov, RJ-45 ntsaws, thiab lwm yam.
1Base-5 siv kev sib ntswg rau cable, qhov txuas ntawm qhov ntev tshaj plaws yog 500m, thiab kis tau tus mob ceev yog 1Mbps.
10Broad-36 siv cov coaxial cable (RG-59 / U CATV), qhov sib txawv siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub network yog 3600m, thiab cov ntu ntu hauv network ntev txog 1800m, uas yog hom xaib dav;
10Base-F siv cov xov tooj fiber ntau kis ntawm cov kis ntawm 10Mbps.
Ceev ether
Ethernet Nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub network, kev ib txwm siv Ethernet thev naus laus zis nyuaj ua tau raws li qhov kev thov nce ntawm cov ntaub ntawv network tsheb. Ua ntej Lub Kaum Hli 1993, tsuas yog muaj Cov Faib Faib Cov Ntaub Ntawv Sib Tsoo (FDDI) rau LAN thov siv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau saum 10 Mbps, tab sis nws yog LAN kim heev raws 100 Mbps fiber ntau cable. Thaum Lub Kaum Hlis 1993, Grand Junction qhia txog lub ntiaj teb' s thawj zaug Fast Ethernet hub Fastch 1080 thiab lub network interface daim npav FastNIC 100. Lub tshuab ceev Ethernet tau ua tiav thov. Tom qab ntawd Intel, SynOptics, 3COM, BayNetworks thiab lwm cov tuam txhab kuj tau tsim lawv cov khoom siv Ethernet Fast. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, IEEE 802 engineering pab pawg tseem tau kawm ntau yam qauv ntawm 100Mbps Ethernet, xws li 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4, MII, rov ua dua tshiab, duplex thiab lwm cov qauv. Thaum lub Peb Hlis 1995, IEEE tshaj tawm IEEE802.3u 100BASE-T Fast Ethernet txuj, uas pib lub caij nyoog ntawm Fast Ethernet.
Fast Ethernet muaj ntau qhov zoo piv nrog FDDI, uas tau ua haujlwm thaum pib ntawm 100Mbps bandwidth. Lub ntsiab yog vim tias Fast Ethernet technology ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov neeg siv' nqis peev hauv kev thaiv cov khoom siv kho vaj tse. Nws txhawb 3, 4, thiab 5 khub ntawm dual Qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov xov hlau tsis zoo thiab cov fiber ntau kho kom siv tau ntawm cov chaw muaj nyob. Qhov tsis muaj Fast Ethernet tseem yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm Ethernet thev naus laus zis. Ntawd yog, Fast Ethernet tseem ua raws li CSMA / CD thev naus laus zis. Thaum lub network thauj khoom hnyav, nws yuav ua rau kev ua kom tau zoo. Yog lawm, qhov no tuaj yeem them nyiaj los ntawm kev hloov tshuab. 100Mbps Cauj Ethernet tau muab faib ntxiv ua peb ntu: 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-FX, thiab 100BASE-T4.
· 100BASE-TX: Lub Tshuab Ethernet Fast uas siv Qib 5 cov ntaub ntawv-qib qib tsis raug thaiv lossis sib tw tiv thaiv ib nkawm. Nws siv ob khub ntawm tus khub sib pauv, ib qho rau xa thiab ib qho rau txais cov ntaub ntawv. Txoj kev encryption 4B / 5B yog siv rau hauv kev xa, thiab cov teeb liab teeb liab yog 125 MHz. Raws li EIA586' s qeb 5 cabling txheem thiab IBM' s SPT Chav 1 cabling txheem. Siv tib lub txuas RJ-45 li 10BASE-T. Nws qhov siab kawg nkaus ntu ntu yog 100 meters. Nws txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv hloov tas nrho.
· 100BASE-FX: Lub tshuab Ethernet nrawm nrawm uas siv fiber ntau rau cable siv ob qho tib hom thiab multimode fiber (62.5 thiab 125um). Qhov nrug deb tshaj plaws rau kev sib txuas fiber ntau yog 550 meters. Qhov nrug deb tshaj plaws rau tib hom kab ntawv sib txuas yog 3000 meters. Txoj kev encryption 4B / 5B yog siv rau hauv kev xa, thiab cov teeb liab teeb liab yog 125 MHz. Nws siv MIC / FDDI txuas, tus txuas ST lossis SC txuas. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ntu ntu yog 150m, 412m, 2000m lossis ntev dua mus rau 10km, uas cuam tshuam txog hom fiber ntau siv thiab hom kev ua haujlwm. Nws txhawb cov ntaub ntawv tas nrho mus kis tau. 100BASE-FX yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntawv thov nrog kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas deb deb, lossis qhov chaw muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo.
· 100BASE-T4: yog Fast Ethernet thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem siv nrog Qeb 3, 4, thiab 5 tus khub tsis sib xyaw lossis thaiv kev sib tw. Lub 100Base-T4 siv plaub txoj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txoj kev sib luag, peb ntawm cov no yog siv los xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zaus ntawm 33 MHz, txhua tus khub ua haujlwm hauv ib nrab-ob hom. Plaub khub yog siv rau CSMA / CD kev sib tsoo tshawb pom. Txoj kev encoding 8B / 6T yog siv nyob rau hauv kev xa khoom, thiab cov teeb liab zaus yog 25MHz, uas ua raws li EIA586 tus txheej txheem thaiv xaim. Nws siv tib lub RJ-45 txuas li 10BASE-T nrog qhov ntev ntu ntev ntawm 100 meters.
Gigabit ether
Raws li qhov tam sim no high-speed Ethernet thev naus laus zis, Gigabit Ethernet thev naus laus zis muab cov neeg siv nrog txoj kev daws teeb meem zoo los txhim kho cov tub ntxhais sib txuas. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj no yog qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab Ethernet. Gigabit tshuab tseem yog Ethernet thev naus laus zis, nws siv tib hom qauv, thav duab qauv, network raws tu qauv, puv / ib nrab duplex hom, ntws tswj hom thiab xaim system ua 10M Ethernet. Vim tias cov thev naus laus zis no tsis hloov pauv cov kev siv lub desktop thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsoos Ethernet, nws ua haujlwm zoo nrog 10M lossis 100M Ethernet. Hloov kho dua Gigabit Ethernet tsis tas yuav hloov pauv rau cov kev siv network, koom tes tswj kev sib koom tes, thiab cov haujlwm tiv thaiv network kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv peev ntau. Ib qho ntxiv, IEEE tus qauv yuav txhawb nqa multimode fiber nrog qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm 550 meters, ib hom fiber ntau nrog qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm 70 kis lus mev, thiab coaxial cable nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 100 meters. Gigabit Ethernet ua raws li qhov tsis sib xws hauv 802.3 Ethernet / Fast Ethernet txuj.
Txhawm rau kom tuaj yeem kuaj pom kev sib tsoo ntawm 64 Bytes cov ntaub ntawv thav ntawv, Gigabit Ethernet txhawb kev ncua kev deb. Lub network hom kev txhawb los ntawm Gigabit Ethernet yog raws li hauv qab no:
Kev sib kis tau nruab nrab
1000Base-CX Tooj STP 25m
1000Base-T Copper Cat 5 UTP 100m
1000Base-SX Ntau hom Fiber 500m
1000Base-LX Ib Leeg-Hom Fiber 3000m
Gigabit Ethernet thev naus laus zis muaj ob qho qauv: IEEE 802.3z thiab IEEE 802.3ab. IEEE 802.3z teeb tsa tus qauv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov xov tooj fiber ntau thiab luv luv. IEEE 802.3ab teeb tsa tus qauv rau tsib kab kev sib txuas ntawm tus khub txuas txuas ntev ntev.
1. IEEE 802.3z
IEEE 802.3z pawg neeg ua haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv txuas tag nrho rau cov khoom siv fiber (ib hom lossis multimode) thiab coaxial cable. IEEE 802.3z txhais tau 1000Base-X raws li cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov xov tooj luv luv. Nws siv 8B / 10B encoding tshuab, thiab cov xov tooj sib kis ceev yog 1.25Gbit / s. Tom qab decoupling, nws ua tiav 1000Mbit / s kis tau tus mob ceev. IEEE 802.3z muaj cov qauv hauv qab Gigabit Ethernet:
· 1000Base-SX tsuas yog txhawb nqa multimode fiber. Nws tuaj yeem siv multimode fiber nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 62.5um lossis 50um. Nws muaj lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm 770-860nm thiab kis nrug ntawm 220-550m.
· 1000Base-LX ib hom fiber ntau: Nws tuaj yeem pab txhawb ib hom fiber ntau nrog txoj kab uas hla 9um lossis 10um. Kev khiav hauj lwm wavelength ntau yog 1270-1355nm thiab qhov sib kis tau ntev yog li 5km.
· 1000Base-CX siv 150 ohm shielded twisted pair (STP) nrog kis nrug ntawm 25m.
2. IEEE802.3ab
IEEE 802.3ab Ua Haujlwm Pab Pawg muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim Gigabit Ethernet tus qauv rau UTP-ib nrab-ob txoj kab txuas sib txuas, uas ua rau IEEE 802.3ab tus qauv thiab cov txheej txheem. IEEE 802.3ab txhais txog 1000Base-T tus qauv raws li Hom 5 UTP, uas yog lub hom phiaj xa 100m ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1000 Mbit / s dhau ntawm Qeb 5 UTP. IEEE802.3ab tus qauv muaj ob lub ntsiab:
(1) Tiv thaiv cov neeg siv' kev nqis peev hauv Qeb 5 UTP cabling systems.
(2) 1000Base-T yog 100Base-T ntuj txuas ntxiv, tag nrho sib xyaw nrog 10Base-T thiab 100Base-T. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav kev xa ntawm 1000 Mbit / s ntawm Pawg 5 UTP yuav tsum daws qhov teeb meem thiab teeb meem ntawm Qeb 5 UTP. Yog li no, txoj haujlwm kev txhim kho ntawm IEEE802.3ab pab pawg ua haujlwm nyuab dua li IEEE802.3z.
10 Gigabit Ethernet
Lub 10 Gigabit Ethernet tshwj xeeb yog suav nrog IEEE 802.3ae tus qauv ntxiv IEEE 802.3ae, uas txuas ntxiv IEEE 802.3 raws tu qauv thiab MAC tshwj xeeb los txhawb 10Gb / s kis tus nqi. Ntxiv rau, dhau ntawm WAN interface sublayer (WIS: WAN interfacesublayer), 10 Gigabit Ethernet kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov kho mus rau qhov kev xa xov qis, xws li 9.584440 Gb / s (OC-192), uas tso cai rau 10 txhiab Megabit Ethernet tau tshaj Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) STS-192c kev thauj khoom.
10GBASE-SR thiab 10GBASE-SW feem ntau txhawb nqa luv luv (850 nm) multimode fiber (MMF) nrog cov fiber ntau qhov nrug ntawm 2m txog 300m.
10GBASE-SR feem ntau txhawb" tsaus fiber ntau", uas yog cov fiber ntau uas tsis muaj lub teeb tawm thiab tsis txuas nrog rau ib qho khoom siv twg.
10GBASE-SW feem ntau siv los txuas SONET cov cuab yeej rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv thaj chaw.
· 10GBASE-LR thiab 10GBASE-LW feem ntau txhawb nqa ntev nthwv dej (1310nm) ib hom fiber ntau (SMF) nrog cov fiber ntau ntawm 2m txog 10km (li 32,808 taw).
Thaum 10GBASE-LW feem ntau siv los txuas SONET cov khoom siv,
10GBASE-LR yog siv los txhawb" tsaus fiber ntau" ;.
· 10GBASE-ER thiab 10GBASE-EW feem ntau txhawb nqa ultra ntev yoj (1550nm) ib hom fiber ntau (SMF) nrog cov fiber ntau qhov nrug ntawm 2m txog 40km (li 131233 taw).
10GBASE-EW feem ntau yog siv los txuas SONET cov khoom siv.
10GBASE-ER yog siv los txhawb" tsaus fiber ntau" ;.
10GBASE-LX4 siv nthwv dej faib cov cuab yeej sib txuas sib kis tshuab kom xa cov cim ntawm plaub zaug nthwv dej ntawm lub teeb rau ntawm ib khub ntawm cov xov tooj. Cov kab ke ua haujlwm hauv 1310nm multimode lossis singlemode tsaus fiber ntau hom. Cov kab ke yog tsim rau multimode fiber ntau hom los ntawm 2m txog 300m lossis ib hom fiber ntau hom los ntawm 2m txog 10km.